A Cadaveric Study of Variatons in the Origin of Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery.

Introduction: The lateral circumflex femoral artery is a branch of the profunda femoris artery, which is the largest branch of femoral artery. The knowledge of origin and branching patterns of the lateral circumflex femoral artery is valuable for various surgeries and clinical procedures. Objectives: To determine mode of origin of lateral circumflex femoral artery and to determine the distance of origin of lateral circumflex femoral artery from the origin of profunda femoris artery and from mid-inguinal point. Materials and Method: 130 femoral triangles were studied and various measurements were noted and analysed from the department of anatomy of various Medical colleges of Gujarat. Result and conclusion: The lateral circumflex femoral artery originated from profunda femoris artery in 119 cases and from femoral artery in 11 cases. In most of the cases, the distance of origin of lateral circumflex femoral artery from the origin of profunda femoris artery was ranging from 11 to 40 mm on both the sides.

Uterine leiomyoma: clinical profile at civil hospital, Ahmedabad.

Introduction: Fibroid is the commonest tumor of the reproductive tract. This study was carried out to observe the frequency of fibroids in relation to age, parity, type and method of diagnosis along with clinical manifestations. Material & Method: The material comprised of 100 specimens of lesions of uterus received from patients admitted in Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad. Among these 37 patients presenting with fibroid uterus were included in the study. All details of the case consisting of age & parity, clinical history, relevant investigations, gross features and microscopic features were noted. Observations: Out of the 100 cases, clinical diagnosis of leiomyoma was made in 30 cases and on confirmatory diagnosis by histopathological analysis leiomyoma was observed in 37 cases. Most cases were found in late reproductive and perimenopausal years (89.19%). Majority was multiparous (81.08%) and 5.41% were nulliparous. Menorrhagia was commonest (40.54%), pain was second common symptom (27.02%). Leiomyomas were multiple in 59.46% and commonest variety was intramural (67.57%). Conclusion: Leiomyomas are found frequently in late reproductive and perimenopausal years. Multiparous patients are found to have fibroids more frequently than nulliparous. Most leiomyoma were intramural. Menorrhagia was the commonest clinical feature observed in leiomyoma cases.

Study of arcuate foramen in atlas vertebrae in Gujarat Region.

Introduction: Arcuate foramen is less known trait of the human atlas vertebra formed by a delicate bony spiculum, which arches backward from the posterior end of the superior articular process. Method: Examination of 100 human atlas vertebra done. Result: Study revealed that the trait was present in 13% of the samples. The mean length of the arcuate foramen form was 7.16 mm on the left side and 9.99 mm on the right side in bilateral positive samples while it was 8.14 mm and 9.26 mm respectively in unilateral positive samples. The mean vertical height of this foramen was 6.57 mm on the left side and 6.52 mm on the right side in bilateral positive samples while it was 4.91 mm and 5.38 mm respectively in unilateral positive samples. The sides did not show any statistical significant differences. Conclusion: The importance of the arcuate foramen lies in the external pressure it may cause on the vertebral artery as it passes from the foramen transversaium of the first cervical vertebra to the foramen magnum of the skull.

Histological study of adenomatous goitre.

Background & objectives: Multinodular goitre is probably the most common endocrine problem in the world today. Neither a well formulated nor a simple procedure is available for the management of MNG, hence the need for the present study. The aim was to study the various modes of presentation, the distribution with respect to age and sex and the usefulness of histological evaluation. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 100 cases of thyroid lesions during the period of April 2009 to October 2010. Results: Adenomatous goiter was found to be the commonest lesion with a frequency of 52 cases (52%).Most of the patients were female accounting for 90.39%. Most of the cases (53.85%) were noted in 21-40 years age group. Commonest presentation was swelling in front of the neck noted in 98% of cases. Conclusion: Commonest histological observation in the present study was adenomatous goitre in 52%. Majority of the patients were females with a M:F ratio of 1:9.4, with the commonest age group being 31-40 yrs. Almost all patients presented with swelling in front of the neck, with other complaints being that of pain, discomfort, dysphagia, dyspnoea and features of hyperthyroidism.

A study of inter-pedicular distances of the lumbar vertebrae measured in dried vertebrae in Gujarat.

The reduced inter-pedicular distance is one of the common causes of primary narrowing of the spinal canal. Stenosis of the spinal canal due to decreased inter-pedicular distance is to the best of our knowledge, virtually unexplored so we under took this study of inter-pedicular distance. Eisestein S measured inter-pedicular distance in Caucasoid, Zulu Negroid and Sotho Negroid population which is compared with data of present study. Methods: All measurements were made by using Electronic Digital Vernier Calipers. Transverse diameter of the lumbar spinal canal was measured as the minimum distance between the medial surfaces of the pedicles of a given vertebra (Inter-pedicular distance. Results & Observation: Inter-pedicular distances of lumbar vertebral canal at levels L1 to L5 was measured in dry vertebrae of 63 subjects (32 male, 31 female) from Gujarat of age group 35 to 80 yrs. Mean transverse diameter (Inter-pedicular distance) is minimum at L1 (22.6 mm in male and 21.3 mm in female) and maximum at L5 (27.0 mm in male and 26.4 mm in female) showing a gradual increase from level L1 to L5. The inter-pedicular distance increased steadily from L1 to L5 in all populations in both sexes. The Gujarati population has greater IPDs at all level from L1 to L5 than that of Zulu Negroid and Sotho Negroid. But IPDs in Gujaratis are lower at L1, & L2 in male and L1, L2 & L3 in female and greater at L3, L4 & L5 in male and L4 & L5 in female than that of Caucasoid. Conclusions: A comparison between the present data and the data published data on inter-pedicular distance at lumbar levels of other populations also shows that there are marked differences between the mean values reported for the population of different geographic areas. The present study confirms that there is ethnic as well as racial variation in the size of the lumbar vertebral canal, thus, emphasizing the need to have normal values and ranges for the transverse diameter of the canal for different populations.

Perception of first M.B.B.S students about teaching.

Medical education, day by day becomes more & more competitive. Students struggle hard to get admission in first M.B.B.S course. But there is a bit difference between 12th standard & medical course. Universities, Government & Medical council are thinking in terms of society & students interest. In this context, what the students think about medical education and particularly first year course is very interesting & important, in view of policy making.

A study to correlate cephalic index of various caste/races of Gujarat State.

The study was carried out in various communities of Gujarat state which are still occupying particular locations of various districts in different regions. Total six communities were selected randomly. These were: Sindhi, Patel, Rabari, Kharwa (fisherman), Bhil and Siddi( negro ). Only male subjects who belonged to 21 - 50 years of age and who were not having any history of inter-caste, inter-religion marriage of their parents uptill at least 3 generations were included. The study subjects were divided into 3 age related groups: Group A: 21 to 30 years, Group B : 31 to 40 years and Group C : 41 to 50 years. 30 subjects, 10 per aforesaid age-groups (A, B and C) were studied from each community. This was followed by head measurements i.e. head length and width were obtained from each study subject ( total being 180) and by cephalic index of each study subject was determined by Hrdlicka’s method. The data were then analyzed by statistical software and to determine statistical significance chi-square and Kruskal Wallis tests were applied. The features observed were co-related with the data of cephalic indices of respective communities.

A study of supraorbital notches and foramina in Gujarati human skulls.

The anatomy of the supraorbital notches and foramina has been studied in 249 human skulls. Of 233 skulls, 35.62% had bilateral supraorbital notches, 21.45% had bilateral supraorbital foramina and 16.73% had a notch on one side and a foramen on other side. In present study, total 13 types of combinations were found. The average distance from the nasion to the supraorbital notch/ foramen was 24.30 mm( 16.74-31.86) on right side and 23.73 mm (15.78-31.86) on left side. The exit point can be significantly cephaled to the orbital rim. Knowledge of the anatomy of the region is important for those doing forehead and brow lift surgeries in order to avoid injuring the neuro-vascular bundle passing through these notches/foramina.

Karyotypic study of chronic and blastic phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients of Gujarat State.

For present work, 27 clinically diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia patients were selected, who attended the Out Patient Department of Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad. In all these cases relevant history, clinical findings, haematological data and other investigations were noted & bone-marrow samples were obtained for further study, which was done at Genetics Laboratory, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad. Samples were cultured, harvested, slides were prepared & photographs were obtained using photomicroscope and Karyotypes were prepared by using conventional cut and paste technique. Cytogenetic evaluation was done to detect the presence of Philadelphia chromosome and/or other chromosomal abnormalities. Out of 27 patients studied, 22 cases were having mild to moderate & remaining 5 cases were having huge splenomegaly. The blood picture showed, 9 were anaemic; 11 having total leukocytic count more than 1 lakh/mm3 ; 8 cases were thrombocytopenic. 25 cases were in chronic and 2 cases were in blastic phase. Cytogenetic evaluation by Karyotypes revealed 13 Ph’ positive cases; 4 Ph’ negative; 3 mosaic & remaining 7 cases came out inconclusive. All relevant parameters including clinical, hematological and cytogenetic were evaluated, analyzed and compared with other similar studies.